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Linee guida del Database 2. Artista

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Adding Artists

2.1.1. On Discogs, the credits entered in the Artist and Credits fields (on the submission form) are assigned to Artist Profiles. The name used on the artist profile is the “Primary Artist Name” or PAN (the root name without any variation). It is important to try to keep artist names as organized as possible, so please use the search function for all of the artist names you enter on your submission. As soon as the 'submit' button is pressed, any new artist will have a page created listing the release. It helps to fill out a new artist profile with the basic details of the artist straight away (for example, "Saxophone player from New York.").

2.1.2. When creating a new artist, the name entered should match the name as credited on the release (following Discogs capitalization rules). If the printed credit has an error you may enter the correct name (with an ANV) - but reliable sources MUST be cited.

2.1.3. The Primary Artist Name (PAN)
A) The PAN for performing artists is the stage name and should be the most relevant version (of the artist’s name). Mononym PANs for artists should only be created when the majority of their work (both performing and nonperforming) is credited concurrently and consistently as such.

Examples: Prince, Lady Gaga, The Allman Brothers Band

B) The PAN for artists without a consistent and concurrent stage name or for non-performing artists (engineers, writers, etc.), should be the name as presented on the majority of releases. However, when consistently credited with initials or a partial name (or a combination thereof), the complete name should be the PAN if reliable sources are provided (even if this results in a PAN with only ANVs). This is especially important for artists with common names.

Examples:
ANV: David = PAN: David Hachour
ANV: Wly = PAN: Wally Traugott
ANV: HL = PAN: Heino Leja
ANV: J. Smith = PAN: Jeremy Smith (11)
ANV: Rob = PAN: Rob Milner (2)

2.1.4. The Primary Artist Name (PAN) should be the Latin transliteration of their name if used on the majority of their releases.

2.1.5. Marketing additions or substitutions.

A) When an artist is billed as "[Artist Name] of [Band]," the "[Artist Name]" portion is considered the focal credit, and only the artist name is credited. The "[Band]" may be mentioned in the Release Notes.
Example: Just For Today / Don't Put It Off Till Sunday

B) When an artist is billed as [Artist] [Company], the artist is credited with an ANV as on release - using the most relevant PAN. The company may be mentioned in the release notes.

Examples:
ANV: Dani Dynamita = PAN: Dani G (2) (Company name is Estudios Dynamita)
ANV: Jeffrey Zipper = PAN: Jeffrey Jay (Company name is Zipper Mobile)

2.1.6. An Artist Name Variation (ANV) is the way the PAN is presented on the release itself. (see RSG §2.5.1)

2.1.7. A single individual, group, or other entity can have multiple names (PANs) which do not reference each other (the stage name, surname or the mononym if that is the name by which the artist is professionally known). These can be linked as Aliases (see RSG §18.4.1).

A) Aliases are created when an artist is credited with totally different names.

Examples:
Richard Starkey = Ringo Starr
Dr. Winston O'Boogie = John Lennon
U2 = The Dalton Brothers
Davey Dream = David Robert Jones = The Actor (2) = The Rebels (12) = Ziggy (32) = David Bowie

B) An alias is created when changing the PAN surname or identity.

Examples:
Alicia Augello Cook = Alicia Keys
Katy Hudson = Katy Perry
Walter Carlos = Wendy Carlos
- If the name change reflects a change in identity (e.g. gender transition) and the artist (or an official representative) has made it clear they want to sever any connection between the two names, the PANs should not be linked as aliases.
- Review FAQ for Artists and Labels for information and contacting Discogs Support.

C) An alias is created for an Artist with a mononym PAN when surname-only credits exist.

Examples:
Prince = Prince Rogers Nelson with ANV: Nelson
Madonna = Madonna Louise Ciccone with ANV: Ciccone
Beyoncé = Beyoncé Knowles with ANV: Knowles

D) An alias is created for Artists who have definitively abandoned their previous stage name (PAN) by the addition or removal of a term, section, or name.
Examples:
June Carter = June Carter Cash
Marina & The Diamonds = Marina (75)
Dixie Chicks = The Chicks (8)

E) Exceptions are allowed when an artist uses various names concurrently. In these cases, an ANV may be more appropriate using the complete name as PAN.

Examples:
ANV: Elvis = PAN: Elvis Presley
ANV: Kylie = PAN: Kylie Minogue
ANV: Carrie Holzman = PAN: Carrie Holzman Little
ANV: Rock McLaurin = PAN: Delano "Rock" McLaurin


If in doubt; please ask in the forum as there may be “edge” cases.
See RSG §2.15.3 for renaming artist. See RSG §2.5.2 for more information on ANV's.

2.1.8. An individual, group, or other entity can be given a credit derived from a web address or email address. This pertains to "Credit Fields" defined at RSG §10.1.1, specifically RSG §10.2.7.1.

Example: Looking For Love
- Email: Sarah@micro-studio.org (ANV: Sarah = PAN Sarah Marin)
- Web site www.micro-studio.org (PAN: Micro-Studio)

- Check the Label/Company and the Credit section for the correct role for the company.
- When creating a new PAN, use the full correct name if you can identify it.
- Replace dividers (periods, dashes, etc.) that are not part of the PAN with spaces.
- Exclude any prefixes (e.g., http, https, www, etc.) and extensions (e.g., .be, .com, .org, etc.).
- Exclude any generic subdomains that are not pertinent to the credit.
- Standard Discogs capitalization per RSG §1.2.1 should be applied.
- A release note should be added with the full web site or email address as presented.
- If unable to identify the full correct name for the artist, you may use a non-linked credit role (e.g., artwork by, photography, other).
- Update the artist profile with as much information as possible, including email and/or website (see RSG §2.1.1).

2.1.9. For any role using self-referencing terms (e.g., "I", "Me", "The Band", "The Man Himself", etc.), the artist name it references or relates to should be used without an ANV, using the most relevant PAN. A release note or credit descriptor is mandatory.
Example: Living 4 The City
Credit on the release: "The Band" = PAN: The New Power Generation

2.1.10. Artists may randomly add (or subtract) a descriptive term to their name; do not create separate PANs in these cases.
Examples:
ANV: Ben Light And His Lightning Fingers = PAN: Ben Light
ANV: Duane Eddy And His "Twangy" Guitar = PAN: Duane Eddy
ANV: Little Stevie Wonder = PAN: Stevie Wonder

Artist Fields

2.2.1. The artist field at the top of the Submission Form is where we put the main artist for the release. This is considered to be the artist or artists named on the front cover of the release or otherwise billed as such.

2.2.2. More than one main artist can be entered by adding another artist field. This is done by clicking the 'Add artist' button (the large 'X' button removes the field). When you add another artist field this way, you will see that another field is added beside the existing artist field. This is called the "join field" and is for adding words or symbols that join the two artists together, for example 'And', 'Featuring', '/', ',' etc. Please don't leave the join field empty if there is no join used on the release, just enter a comma.

The 'Add ANV' button is for the Artist Name Variation function, which is explained further down this page.

2.2.3. There is no limit to the number of artists that can be listed as 'Main Artist', but the release itself must show the intention that the artists are to be taken as the main artists on the release (or to list the artists in a way that doesn't allow us to differentiate). See §2.3.1 for special use cases for when no specific artist is credited on a release.

2.2.4. Artist honored on tribute releases
A. When the honored artist name is the release title or part of the release title, this artist is not a main artist, instead you may use an appropriate credit.

Example: Songs Of The Beatles and The Bee Gees

B. When the honored artist name is credited or featured on the cover separate from the title, this artist is a main artist (as well as any others using the join field).

Example: The 30th Anniversary Concert Celebration

C. Releases of classical music or soundtracks where only the name of the composer is mentioned on the cover and the release has no other title are not to be treated as Tribute / Cover type releases but as eponymous / self titled albums/compilations as per §3.2.1.

Examples: Ludwig Van Beethoven - Ludwig Van Beethoven, Andrew Lloyd Webber - Andrew Lloyd Webber, John Williams (4) - John Williams

If in doubt; please ask in the forums.

Special Artists

2.3.1. The following artist names are used as generic pages when the credit isn't for a specific Artist:

Artist Naming Conventions

2.4.1. Different artists with the same name (for example, two artists named "John B") should be entered as "John B" and "John B (2)". The (2) is not part of the name but is used to distinguish the two artists. If you need to create a third, use (3) and so on. (0) and (1) are never used. Never swap around the suffixes, once an artist is designated a numerical suffix, the artist must remain with that suffix. The suffix has no relation to popularity or historical order.

Artist Name Variation (ANV)

2.5.1. In order to link variations of an artists name, but keep the same artist profile, Discogs uses a system called artist Name Variation, or ANV. The ANV is set directly on the Submission Form, click the "Add ANV" button beside the artist field to open the ANV field. Please see the Quick Start ANV guide for an example of how ANVs are created. At Discogs we call the main artist name (the root name without an ANV) the 'Primary Artist Name', or PAN. For example, https://www.discogs.com/artist/10263-David-Bowie is the PAN for David Bowie.

2.5.2. ANVs should be used for variations in an artist name such as nicknames, language-based differences (translations), initials, acronyms, abbreviations, diminutives, homophones and corruptions. An ANV must be directly related or recognizable as derived from the PAN (stage, full, composite, surname or a mononym by which the artist is professionally known). The existing Primary Artist Name (PAN) MUST be entered as it currently appears in the Database, with any name variation on the release added as the ANV (the ANV cannot exist on its own). Please review RSG §2.1.7 for when not to use an ANV.

Variations
- Nicknames: (example: ANV: Antoine Domino = PAN: Fats Domino)
- Translations: (example: ANV: Михаил Тараканов = PAN: Mikhail Tarakanov)
- Initials: (example: ANV: W.S. Bruford = PAN: Bill Bruford)
- Acronyms: (example: ANV: ELO = PAN: Electric Light Orchestra)
- Homophones: (example: ANV: Jonny Flower = PAN: Jonathan Flaugher)
- Abbreviations: (example: ANV: Grand Funk = PAN: Grand Funk Railroad)
- Diminutives: (example: ANV: Bazza = PAN: Barry Farmer)
- Corruptions: (example: ANV: Eilrahc Nedah = PAN: Charlie Haden)

Derived from the PAN
- Stage: (example: ANV: Wonder Man = PAN: Stevie Wonder)
- Full: (example: ANV: Steve Vaughan = PAN: Stevie Ray Vaughan)
- Composite: (example: ANV: Weird Al or ANV: Al Yankovic = PAN: "Weird Al" Yankovic)
- Surname: (example: ANV: Steven Morrisey = PAN: Morrissey)
- Mononym: (example: ANV: Anahi Puente = PAN: Anahí)

2.5.3. merged with RSG §2.1.7

2.5.4. Do not use the ANV field on unlinked credits.

2.5.5. Normal capitalization rules apply. ANV's should NOT be created for variations in capitalization.

2.5.6. If there is a case where there are two Artist Name Variations present on a release for the same credit (for example there is D. Bowie on the cover for a vocal credit and D. H. Bowie on the label for the vocal credit), only one can be entered. The submitter should choose one based on things such as viability of the names, clarity and fullness of the data, and existing names already used in the Database.

2.5.7. Typography and punctuation - ANV's can be entered to reflect what is on the release. Variations in punctuation, spelling, spacing, etc., are allowed, providing they exist on the release. Variations in accents are allowed. However, using Cyrillic and other such Unicode fonts to reflect graphic design decisions such as reverse letters or emulated cursive writing should not be done.

2.5.8. You can use ANVs on Special Artists (Various, Traditional, Anonymous, etc.) as long as the ANV is a variation or translation of it, and the ANV is printed on the release.

ANV FAQ

2.5.12. This list of frequently asked questions covers most use cases. Additional questions about how to use ANV's should be asked in the Database Help Forums: 

Q - Is John Smith an ANV of John Smith (3) - i.e. do we add an ANV just so that the Release page displays without the suffixed number that was applied to differentiate artists with the same names in Discogs?

A – No, please don't use the ANV function for this.

Q - If John Smith and John Smith (2) both use the ANV John Smith Jr., must a suffix be applied to one of the ANVs to show John Smith Jr. (2)?

A - No, this is not necessary as the 2 instances of John Smith Jr. create 2 different URLs based on the main Discogs artist entries. Searches and artist indexes will be adapted to show the main artist that an ANV is connected to.

Q - Does ANV replace aliases?

A - No, aliases remain as a way of identifying totally different names used by an artist.

Q - Should an ANV be used for a one-off alias that is not a variation upon an existing artist name?

A - No, an alias is appropriate here.

Q - Are ANV's to be used for misspellings, punctuation, typos, etc.?

A - ANV's can be entered to reflect what is on the release. Variations in punctuation, spelling, etc. are allowed, providing they exist on the release. Variations in accents are allowed. However, using Cyrillic and other such Unicode fonts to reflect graphic design decisions such as reverse letters should not be done.

Q - What else needs to be done when ANV is being used?

A - As with all submissions, users should provide full Submission Notes justifying why they have added the information in a certain way. Voters will seek confirmation of the validity of an ANV via these comments, so please provide this information up front to ensure your submissions are processed as quickly as possible.

The Join Field and Artist Collaboration

2.6.1. The join field is used for the words that link two or more artist names together, such as 'Vs.', 'Meets', 'And', '&', 'W/', and 'With'. Abbreviations are accepted if they appear that way on the release. The join field can also be used to enter separators (such as commas or slashes), if they appear on the release. Please don't leave the join field empty. If there is no join used on the release, use a comma, or for 'split' type releases where the artists aren't collaborating, use a forward slash "/". See §1.8.2.b regarding entering translations.

2.6.2. Collaborative artists should be split into their individual names except when the combined name was intended and can be verified as the group name (for example Simon & Garfunkel), legal songwriting entity (for example Lennon-McCartney) or production partnership (for example, Stock, Aitken & Waterman). Verification can be found, for example, in official external websites, biographies and discographies.

2.6.3. Artist collaborations which are one-off recordings should be listed as separate artists. If this one-off collaboration becomes an ongoing recording team then they can be updated to one artist entry later.

2.6.4. Never create or credit a collaborative artist in any credit field, with the exception that some collaborative artists have already been created and used solely on writing or production credits. Please continue to use them but please do not attempt to split these unless there has been extensive agreement from other users in the forums. In the case of multiple artist / collaborative artist combinations in the credits, always split them into all their individual artists unless there is clear evidence that a combined artist name was intended to be legally credited for the role.

Main Artist Credits

2.7.1. When a main artist or track based main artist is credited on a release for the following, a credit must also be added into the credit section:

  • DJ Mix
  • Compiled By
  • Presenting Artist (Presenter)

Eponymous Artists

2.8.1. Artists with the same name as their groups, bands or projects should be listed in the Database as separate artists - (for example Marilyn Manson and Marilyn Manson (2), Alice Cooper and Alice Cooper (2)). Solo artists with backing bands (for example Ozzy Osbourne or Frank Sinatra) should not be treated as bands, 'In Groups' for the backing musicians should not be applied to them.

Crediting Unnamed Groups

2.9.1. Sometimes, a release will credit a group of people or performers involved in the release, such as Chorus, Choir, Orchestra, Ensemble, Cast, Company, etc., but not give them a proper artist name. When entering such vague groups, a full artist name of the group should, if possible, be taken from the title of the release / film / show / etc. and added to the front of the group. For example, the Chorus from the musical Paint Your Wagon should be credited like this:

"Paint Your Wagon" Chorus

When entering the details on the release, it is acceptable to use the ANV function to display the original performer credit, so for example it can be like this:

"Paint Your Wagon" Chorus ANV Chorus

Since an artist is created by doing this, the original submitter of the release should try to add at least a brief description of the group in the Artist Profile. For example, for the above example, this would be an acceptable description: "An unidentified group of chorus singers that appear in the "Paint Your Wagon" movie and subsequent soundtrack recordings."

This method should not be used when the group is used in conjunction with a named artist, this should be added as one artist, for example Count Basie And His Orchestra.

Crediting Non-Specific Groups

2.10.1. If a group of people are credited that aren't specific (for example: tribes, nations, etc.), credit them as an artist and place the following in the artist profile:

"Discogs notice: This artist does not refer to a specific group of named individuals (such as a band or musical group) but rather defines the collective term for [details of group].

Please use this artist name (or any language variation thereof, via an ANV) for the [group name]."

2.10.2. The 'In Groups' function can be used if the non-specific group is a subset of a larger non-specific group, but specific artists and groups cannot be linked as part of a non-specific group.

Solo Artist Plus A Generic Band Of Musicians

2.11.1. A Solo Artist + Generic Band Of Musicians is entered as a new group with the solo artist as a member, for example:

Please make sure to add the solo artist as a member of that group using the In Groups function on the solo Artists page.

Compound Artist Names

2.13.1. When an artist is presented as "Name1 (Name2)" or "Name 1 AKA Name 2", the name before the brackets or 'aka' is considered the focal credit and should be credited - do not use an ANV for these situations.

If the name in brackets, or after 'aka', is an alias then it can optionally be credited on a separate line. If the name in brackets is not a direct alias of the artist, it cannot be added as a credit, but can be mentioned in the Release Notes.

Merging Artists

2.14.1. You must edit each release if one artist is being represented by two or more Artist pages. Make sure your edits are correct and reflect the name that is is printed on the release, using Artist Name Variations if needed. Never swap around the suffixes, once an artist is designated a numerical suffix, the artist must remain with that suffix. The suffix has no relation to popularity or historical order. If in doubt, ask in the forum Database topic.

2.14.2. Only duplicate artists should be merged. Make sure you explain in the Submission Notes what you are trying to achieve.

2.14.3. If your edits are going to remove all entries from an Artist page, please make sure to update that page to remove all 'in groups', 'aliases', the profile, real name and the links before editing the last release. Please make sure to transfer any relevant information over to the remaining profile.

Renaming Artists

2.15.1. You must edit each release to rename an artist. Make sure your edits are correct and reflect what is printed on the release, using Artist Name Variations if needed. Never swap around the suffixes, once an artist is designated a numerical suffix, the artist must remain with that suffix. The suffix has no relation to popularity or historical order. If in doubt, ask in the forum Database topic.

2.15.2. If your edits are going to remove all entries from an Artist page, please make sure to update that page to remove all 'in groups', 'aliases', the profile, real name and the links before editing the last release. Please make sure to transfer any relevant information over to the remaining profile.

2.15.3. Swapping or changing existing PANs must be presented with solid evidence and agreed upon with a clear consensus in the Forum (on a case-by-case basis) before any updates are made. A need for corrections can include:
A. The existing PAN is assigned to multiple artists.
B. There are multiple profiles for a single artist that should be merged.
C. Artists' names were created with wrong spelling, abbreviations, typos, incomplete name, missing accents or diacritics.

Considerations when determining PAN: The accuracy of the name (external sources may be referenced), how the majority of releases indicate the name, which primary name would accommodate the most variations.

These PANs can be corrected observing the guidance of §14.1.2 regarding mass-edits.

Artist Page Sorting

Sections

  • Releases
  • Appearances
  • Unofficial
  • Credits

Sub-Sections

Releases are sorted in the the sub-sections by looking to see if the release fits into a sub-section, working from the top to the bottom of a list. Note that the order of the list is not the same as the final order as displayed on the Artist page - for example, the Artist page list start of with albums, whereas we look at whether the release fits into the videos section first when we are deciding which sub-section to sort it into. Please make sure to review our Database Guidelines 18. Updating An Artist Profile for more information about updating the artist profile.

Master Releases

On the Artist pages, we extract a format summary for every MR (this is currently hidden). This format summary is extracted from all the contained releases. We use this summary to place the entire MR in the correct subsection.

For Releases And Unofficial Releases

  • Videos - For releases where every format /description line (apart from lines starting Box Set or All Media) contains one or more of the following tags: format names; DVD, DVDr, HD DVD, HD DVDr, Blu-ray, Blu-ray-R, CDV, Betamax, VHS, Video 2000, Laserdisc or SelectaVision. Format descriptions; Video, VCD, SVCD, DVD-Vid. Must NOT contain format descriptions DVD-Audio, DVD-Data or Audio.

  • DJ Mixes - Tagged as Mixed AND main artist has DJ Mix credit.

  • Compilations - Tagged as Compilation, all releases in a MR must be tagged as 'Compilation'.

  • Albums:

    • Tagged with Album or Mini-album.
    • Items tagged with LP but not with Single, Maxi-Single, or EP.
    • IF format = (all analog formats) AND (number_tracks >= 7 AND total_tracktime if available >= 30 minutes), OR (total_tracktime >= 30 minutes), AND format does not include EP, Maxi-Single, or Single.
    • IF format = (all digital formats) (number_tracks >= 8 AND total_tracktime if available >= 44 minutes), OR (total_tracktime >= 44 minutes), AND format does not include EP, Maxi-Single, or Single.

  • Singles & EPs - Tagged with Single, Maxi-Single, EP, 12", 7", 10", Mini or Minimax.

  • Miscellaneous - For everything else.

For Tracks Appear On

  • Videos - For releases where every format/description line (apart from lines starting Box Set or All Media) contains one or more of the following tags: format names; DVD, DVDr, HD DVD, HD DVDr, Blu-ray, Blu-ray-R, CDV, Betamax, VHS, Video 2000, Laserdisc, SelectaVision. Format descriptions; Video, VCD, SVCD, DVD-Vid. Must NOT contain format descriptions DVD-Audio, DVD-Data, Audio.

  • Mixes - Tagged as Mixed.

  • Compilations - Tagged as Compilation, all releases in a MR must be tagged as 'Compilation'

  • Albums;

    • Tagged with Album or Mini-album
    • Items tagged with LP but not with Single, Maxi-Single, or EP
    • IF format = (all analog formats) AND (number_tracks >= 7 AND total_tracktime if available >= 30 minutes), OR (total_tracktime >= 30 minutes), AND format does not include EP, Maxi-Single or Single.
    • IF format = (all digital formats) (number_tracks >= 8 AND total_tracktime if available >= 44 minutes), OR (total_tracktime >= 44 minutes), AND format does not include EP, Maxi-Single or Single.

  • Singles & EPs - Tagged with Single, Maxi-Single, EP, 12", 7", 10", Mini or Minimax.

  • Miscellaneous - For everything else.

For Credits

The sub-sections are taken from the headings as listed on the credits list:

  • Remix
  • Vocal
  • Instruments & Performance
  • Writing and Arrangement
  • Featuring & Presenting
  • Conducting & Leading
  • Production
  • DJ Mix
  • Technical
  • Visual
  • Acting, Literary & Spoken
  • Management

Analog and Digital Formats

For the album section, we use the following lists:

Analog Formats

  • Vinyl
  • Acetate
  • Flexi-disc
  • Lathe Cut
  • Shellac
  • Edison Disc
  • Cylinder
  • 8-Track Cartridge
  • Cassette
  • Microcassette
  • Reel-To-Reel

Digital / Video Formats

  • CD
  • CDr
  • CDV
  • DVD
  • DVDr
  • HD DVD
  • HD DVD-R
  • Blu-ray
  • Blu-ray-R
  • Betamax
  • VHS
  • Video 2000
  • Laserdisc
  • SelectaVision
  • Minidisc
  • MVD
  • UMD
  • Datassette
  • Floppy Disk
  • File
  • Memory Stick
  • Hybrid
  • All Media
  • Box Set
  • DAT
  • DCC

                                                                                                                                               

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